RT-thread官方源码点击进入
官方教程：https://www.rt-thread.org/document/
一、起因
最近开始学习板载操作系统，由于RT-thread作为一款国产物联网操作系统，教程详细，使用方便，所以这一个系统作为入门实时操作系统的入门之选，为了记录学习过程，在这记录发帖子。这里我们使用VScode编程，基于EIDE进行编写程序，不使用官方RT-thread studio
关于TR-thread的入门教程有很多，这里就不再赘述
RT-thread新手入门教程——》教程
准备工作
在开发前，我们需要先安装好
- keil MDK，
- stm32pack包
- STM32cubeMX，
- vscode 安装好EIDE插件(也可以使用TR-thread studio官方插件)
- RT-thread源码
- Env
由于不使用RT-thread studio，因此配置工程我们需要安装Env（点击跳转）进行下载，解压到安装目录。
Env 用户手册
并将Env配置到右键菜单内如下：
根据图片上的步骤操作，就可以在任意文件夹下通过右键菜单来启动 Env 控制台。效果如下：
关于RT-thread源码
RT-Thread源代码目录结构如下图所示：
| 名称 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| BSP | Board Support Package（板级支持包）基于各种开发板的移植 |
| components | RT-Thread 的各个组件代码，例如 finsh，gui 等。 |
| documentation | 相关文档，如编码规范等 |
| examples | 相关示例代码 |
| include | RT-Thread 内核的头文件。 |
| libcpu | 各类芯片的移植代码。 |
| src | RT-Thread 内核的源文件。 |
| tools | RT-Thread 命令构建工具的脚本文件。 |
RT-Thread RTOS 支持许多架构，并且已经涵盖了当前应用中的主要架构。涉及的架构和芯片制造商有：
ARM Cortex-M0/M0+：如芯片制造商 ST
ARM Cortex-M3：如芯片制造商 ST、全志、灵动等.
ARM Cortex-M4：如芯片制造商 ST、Nuvton、NXP、GigaDevice、Realtek、Ambiq Micro等
ARM Cortex-M7：如芯片制造商 ST、NXP
ARM Cortex-M23：如芯片制造商 GigaDevice
ARM Cortex-M33：如芯片制造商 ST
ARM Cortex-R4
ARM Cortex-A8/A9：如芯片制造商 NXP
ARM7：如芯片制造商Samsung
ARM9：如芯片制造商Allwinner、Xilinx 、GOKE
ARM11：如芯片制造商Fullhan
MIPS32：如芯片制造商loongson、Ingenic
RISC-V：如芯片制造商Hifive、Kendryte、芯来Nuclei
ARC：如芯片制造商SYNOPSYS
DSP：如芯片制造商 TI
C-Sky
x86
支持的 IDE 和编译器
RT-Thread主要支持的IDE/编译器包括：
- MDK KEIL
- IAR
- Gcc
- RT-Thread Studio
使用基于 Python 的 scons 进行命令行生成。我们使用KEIL的工程，使用vscode gcc调试编译。
打开项目
打开源码中的BSP（板级支持包）文件夹 可以看到rt-thread支持的芯片都在各个文件夹中，找到STM32,选择对应的开发板文件夹（我是用的是野火的开发板，所以我这里打开的是野火的板子文件夹）
打开会是一个基于rt-thread的keil工程
双击就可以打开这个工程，并且编译，下载进开发板。
各个目录所包含的文件类型的描述如下表所示：
| 目录名 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| applications | RT-Thread 应用程序。 |
| rt-thread | RT-Thread 的源文件。 |
| components | RT-Thread 的各个组件目录。 |
| include | RT-Thread 内核的头文件。 |
| libcpu | 各类芯片的移植代码，此处包含了 STM32 的移植文件。 |
| src | RT-Thread 内核的源文件。 |
| tools | RT-Thread 命令构建工具的脚本文件。 |
| drivers | RT-Thread 的驱动，不同平台的底层驱动具体实现。 |
| Libraries | ST 的 STM32 固件库文件。 |
创建项目
由于这个rt-thread的代码是上层文件夹的，复制出来很麻烦，在内部修改，容易改动源码。
因此我们需要基于源码创建一个独立项目
1、空白处右键，启动Env，或者通过CD到当前的板载项目目录
如图所示（env打开当前目录界面）
我们需要使用scons命令
SCons 是一套由 Python 语言编写的开源构建系统，类似于 GNU Make。它采用不同于通常 Makefile 文件的方式，而是使用 SConstruct 和 SConscript 文件来替代。这些文件也是 Python 脚本，能够使用标准的 Python 语法来编写。所以在 SConstruct、SConscript 文件中可以调用 Python 标准库进行各类复杂的处理，而不局限于 Makefile 设定的规则。
/
-- rtconfig.py ---- 控制SCons构建的配置文件，存放了如工具链，构建参数等配置。
-- SConscript
-- SConstruct ---- SCons的入口脚本，初始化了SCons构建rt-thread所需的必要环境
-- Kconfig ---- 顶层Kconfig文件，menuconfig的入口Kconfig文件
-- rt-thread/
--- src/
---- SConscript ---- 各级源码的scons子脚本，控制当前级别下的源码构建行为
---- Kconfig ---- 各级源码的Kconfig子脚本，存放当前级别下的配置项
---- **.c
关于scons的使用教程----》scons教程
2、在界面内输入命令scons --dist
上面显示更新了新的MDK5等工程
3、这时在我们的文件夹多了一个dist的文件夹，里面有一个生成的项目的压缩包和一个文件夹，这个项目就是独立外部源码的项目
4、我们的独立工程就创建完成了
打开工程
我们在这个生成的工程文件夹内，右键打开Env输入 code打开vscode
选择EIDE插件（使用RT-Thread Studio插件也是差不多操作），选择导入项目、再选择MDK，打开该项目的keil工程
配置好烧入器，配置好调试器，具体方法这里不过多赘述，并且在终端我们也可以调用scons
点击编译并且烧入程序
至此我们的板子led灯被成功点亮
打开vscode的串口调试助手，可以看到输出了RT-thread的版本信息。
我们输入list_thread，可以查看系统的线程信息
配置外设资源
在目录右键打开Env下打开输入menuconfig 打开配置界面。如图所示
通过键盘上的上下键移动光标，选中 （Hardware Drivers Config）然后按回车键进入硬件驱动配置菜单。
在硬件配置菜单里有三个选项，分别是 （板载外设配置菜单）、（片上外设配置菜单）和（扩展模块配置菜单），按回车键进入板载外设配置菜单。
在外设外设配置菜单里按空格建开启，按回车建进入
最后保存退出
然后右移光标选中 Save 按回车键保存，然后继续按按回车键退出配置工具。
更新工程
输入命令 pkgs --update 使软件包配置生效。
输入命令 scons --target=mdk5 -s 重新生成 MDK5 的工程。
输入命令code 打开vscode 使用EIDE重新导入工程，导入vscode编译下载
从新打开的工程可以看到，外设菜单中多了很多的外设文件。
至此我们完成了RT-thread 的工程配置。
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